An indicative list of EV static, stationary and dynamic wireless charging systems (inductive and conductive) that are currently in various research, development and deployment stages is included in the current section.

Static wireless

Large scale pre-commercial trials of the QUALCOMM HALO WEVC took place in London.

Large scale trials of EVATRAN Plugless™ L2 wireless charging system 15 installations across the US.

HEVO Power's wireless charging station in the form of a manhole cover will be tested in New York City. 

Tesla motors network of superchargers, allowing half charging within 20-minutes expands

Stationary wireless

Manholes cover charging in NYC HEVO Power, which is conducting a manhole pilot with New York University.

Brabant NL to deploy world’s first dynamic mobile charging. Starting in mid -2013 the demonstration project will use inductive charging to charge vehicles as they drive a special lane in the highway.

Shanghai Capabus: China is experimenting with a type of electric bus, known as Capabus, which runs by using power stored in large onboard electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) that are recharged whenever the vehicle stops at a bus stop.

Bombardier primove: high power inductive charging station to be used for stationary charging of buses in Germany.

Conductix-Wampfler (IPT Technology) electric buses charge wirelessly during brief stops. This system was tested for several years in Genoa and Turin.

Utah State University spin-off WAVE lunches electric buses with stationary wireless capability. This was tests in several US cities.

Dynamic wireless

New Zealand HaloIPT Induction Dynamic Charging: The HaloIPT system was bought by QUALCOMM and market-ready solutions for stationary inductive charging are currently in operation. In FABRIC research is being carried out to utilize the system for dynamic charging.

Korean On Line Electric Vehicle (OLEV), dynamic charging implementations of the system are already in use at South Korea.

E-quickie research vehicle that uses dynamic charging developed in Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HsKA).

Scania and Bombardier have as part of the Swedish national funded Slide-in project tested dynamic wireless power transfer.

Conductive dynamic charging

Volvo/Alstom Slide-in electric road system

Siemens eHighway dynamic charging for trucks

Elways system allows electric road vehicles to charge while driving.

In this section the Electromobility R&D initiatives underway around the world is described focusing on the latest advances in the European continent, North America and Asia.

• Europe
  
  The European Parliament just passed a resolution  in 2013 that will require member states to install a specified number of electric vehicle charging stations and hydrogen and natural gas stations by 2020. Germany will set its target to 86,000, Italy will install 72,000, and the UK is planning to build a minimum of 70,000 EV recharging points.

  In parallel, several national projects run in parallel to facilitate the larger adoption of electromobility:

  • Electric vehicle start-up, Fastned, will install over 200 fast charging stations with solar panels in Netherlands
  • Nationwide network of quick chargers in Estonia
  • CLEVER opened in June 2012 the first public assessible nationwide charging-network for EVs in Scandinavia. 
    
    
• North America

With companies such as Delphi and Qualcomm, working with the main US vehiclemanufacturers to develop the building blocks of the wireless charging infrastructure. (The US Transportation Electrification Program represents the world's largest EV demonstration project). 

• Asia
  
  Asia it is expected to lead the world in charging equipment sales due to government initiatives and regulations in China, Korea, and Japan to promote awareness and adoption of EVs comprising of tax benefits for owners, R&D support, and public education programs.

  Toyota, Nissan, Honda and Mitsubishi have agreed to joint development
  of charging infrastructure for PHVs, PHEVs and EVs in Japan aiming to increase the number of normal chargers by 8000 and quick chargers by 4.000.

The 'Electromobility Index' compiled by Roland Berger and the Aachen-based Forschungsgesellschaft Kraftfahrwesen (Research society for Automotive Issues) compares the competitive position of seven leading automotive economies - China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea and the U.S. - regarding electromobility.

According to the report Japan is the leader in electromobility penetration to the transportation market. This is due primarily to the lower cost of EVs in Japan compared to the other countries. In addition the charging infrastructure is more mature in Japan whereas in Europe the lack of such an infrastructure, interoperability and standardization issues present roadblocks towards the large-scale adoption of electromobility. Battery manufacturers in Japan (and in South Korea) master the entire battery production value chain, resulting in a competitive advantage for these countries. A similar approach is followed in the US with Tesla motors announcing the creation of a “gigafactory” for lithium-ion batteries which is expected to lower production costs, hence EV cost for the US consumer, leading to wider adoption.

Currently the US remains the lead market with 96.000 EVs sold in 2013. However, this is just a relatively small share of the total market. Under this aspect, France holds the top position: The share of e-cars in the total French market is 0.83%, US (0.62%) and Japan (0.59 %). In Germany, electric vehicles have a very small market share of 0.25% or just 7400 units sold.

Even though electromobility penetration levels worldwide are not impressive, the trend is upward and more car makers introduce electric models to the market. Research during the recent years focuses on reducing the recharging time for static charging (wired and wireless) and in parallel explores the transition from static charging to stationary and dynamic or on-the-go charging which allows for smaller batteries and faster recharging, alleviating many of the current EV charging issues. At the same time investments in EV charging infrastructure continue to grow as it can be seen here.

Electromobility aims at large-scale adoption of electric vehicles by the population in order to reduce greenhouse pollutants and provide the means for even wider implementation of smart grids. The propulsion of vehicles and fleets solely based on electricity requires advances in electric powertrain technologies, V2V and V2I information and communication technologies (ICT) and smart-grid integration technologies. These advances are expected to make transportation environmentally friendlier and also safer. Electromobility provides the means to use the vehicles as distributed energy storage, opening new horizons in decentralized energy storage and management. In addition, the use of renewable energy sources to directly charge the electric vehicles allows power generation in the vicinity of demand thus reducing losses and the need for expensive investments in order to transfer the energy to distant locations.

• The new functionality of the vehicle as a large energy storage unit presents both the owner and the stakeholders of the energy market with significant advantages that conventional mobility could not offer:
• The vehicle owners may use the vehicle’s battery as an energy source that can power their house. They also may connect it to the smart grid and sell the energy to the energy provider.
• The vehicle becomes a means to transport energy to distant locations. In that way it becomes a decentralized power source.
• The dual function of the electric vehicle, which can operate both as an electric load and a power storage/generation unit shows significant potential as a means to lower operational costs in the energy market. Via the smart grid infrastructure, energy stored in EVs can be bought back when there is a demand peak, and the EVs can recharge at a lower cost when there is a lot of supply.
• EVs may offer the solution for storing energy produced by renewable energy sources, thus allowing their greater penetration and utilization. A direct result is the reduction of the overall energy production cost.

There are several types of charging the EVs.